Hypolipidemic effect of ω3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis

Mal G.S., Smakhtina A.M., Knyazkova O.V.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of hypolipidemic action of ω3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) and atherosclerotic lesions of carotid arteries up to 40%.

Methods. The study included 90 participants with CHD, PICS, atherosclerotic stenosis <40%, and laboratory-confirmed dyslipidemia. Patients of the main group were prescribed ω3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 -PUFA) in addition to the baseline therapy. The study was conducted at the Kursk City Clinical Emergency Hospital from December 2022 to May 2023. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics were performed at 4-week intervals, including ECG, duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries, complete blood count, urinalysis, biochemical blood analysis with the determination of the patient’s lipid profile. Before and after the start of therapy, patients were surveyed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data were statistically processed by calculating Student’s criterion with Bonferroni correction for independent and dependent variables.

Results. At the end of the 24th week of the study, the target hypolipidemic effect was registered in 26.6% of patients with type IV hyperlipidemia (HL) and 35.3% — with type IIB HL, optimal values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) (>1.0 mmol/l) were achieved in 17.5% of patients with type IV HL and in 21.3% — with type IIB HL. According to the SF-36 questionnaire, 57.2% of those studied showed positive changes in physical health after being treated with ω3 -PUFA.

Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that ω3-PUFAs have a hypolipidemic effect in patients with CHD (PICS, dyslipidemia and carotid atherosclerosis) and improve the quality of life of the patients.

Keywords: coronary heart disease, carotid atherosclerosis, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, hyperlipidemia.

For citation:

Mal G.S., Smakhtina A.M., Knyazkova O.V. Hypolipidemic effect of ω3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis. International Journal of Heart and Vascular Diseases. 2023. 40(11): 40–45. DOI: 10.24412/2311-1623-2023- 40-47-53